在多核/多核时代,多语言虚拟机需要解决哪些问题?

Stefan Marr, M. D. Wael, M. Haupt, T. D'Hondt
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引用次数: 3

摘要

虽然在科学界,非计算机科学家已经成功地使用并行编程来解决非常规则的问题几十年了,但并行编程和解决不规则问题仍然很困难。此外,我们从少数精通限制问题的并发性的专家系统程序员转变为主流应用程序开发人员,他们被要求掌握各种各样问题的并发性。因此,高级语言虚拟机(VM)的研究面临着一些有趣的问题。处理器设计的哪些变化会对vm提供的抽象产生影响,从而提供平台独立性?如何方便应用程序程序员的不同需求来解决并发编程问题?我们认为虚拟机需要为各种不同的并发模型做好准备,这些模型允许通过适当的抽象来解决并发问题。此外,它们需要从异构处理器体系结构、不同的性能特征、内存访问成本和内核间通信机制中抽象出来,但应该只暴露最小的有用概念集,如局部性、显式通信和适应性调度,以保持它们的抽象性质。最后,当不同的问题特定的并发抽象之间需要交互时,还需要使语言设计者能够保证诸如封装、调度保证和不变性之类的属性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Which problems does a multi-language virtual machine need to solve in the multicore/manycore era?
While parallel programming for very regular problems has been used in the scientific community by non-computer-scientists successfully for a few decades now, concurrent programming and solving irregular problems remains hard. Furthermore, we shift from few expert system programmers mastering concurrency for a constrained set of problems to mainstream application developers being required to master concurrency for a wide variety of problems. Consequently, high-level language virtual machine (VM) research faces interesting questions. What are processor design changes that have an impact on the abstractions provided by VMs to provide platform independence? How can application programmers' diverse needs be facilitated to solve concurrent programming problems? We argue that VMs will need to be ready for a wide range of different concurrency models that allow solving concurrency problems with appropriate abstractions. Furthermore, they need to abstract from heterogeneous processor architectures, varying performance characteristics, need to account for memory access cost and inter-core communication mechanisms but should only expose the minimal useful set of notions like locality, explicit communication, and adaptable scheduling to maintain their abstracting nature. Eventually, language designers need to be enabled to guarantee properties like encapsulation, scheduling guarantees, and immutability also when an interaction between different problem-specific concurrency abstractions is required.
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