Study of Land Use and Land Cover of Ravine Area using Geospatial Satellite Data

Study of ravine erosion is the one of the significant aspects to understand the land status, living habitat and its surroundings environment. In the present study, three distinguish sites site 1, site 2 and site 3 having the coordinates (26°25ʹ40.46ʺN 78°54ʹ1.94ʺE), (26°26ʹ28.9ʺN 78°55ʹ23.41ʺE) and (26°36ʹ36.68ʺN 78°53ʹ11.03ʺE) respectively, of the Bhind district, MP, were selected for ravine status. All the sites were similar vegetation in the case of flora and fauna along with crops. Observation based on native peoples (Σn=600) and GPS images of all sites revealed that decreasing the ravines belts/area along with loss of vegetation. The accurate validation of ground truth observation was analyzed through satellite data’s which were collected by using Clouds-free Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). The land sat sensor have 30 meters of spatial resolution respectively, while acquisition data for Land sat–5, Land sat–7 and Land sat–8 were 21/1/1992, 24/1/2002 and 26/2/2017 respectively. The analysis of image revealed that about 41% of ravine area were at 1992 out of the total LC like built-up, water bodies, agriculture land, barren land and flood plains area decreased up to 29.81% in the year of 2017. Among the studied parameters, agriculture land was increased from 1992 to 2017 (i.e. 8% increase). Maximum (70%) of built-up area were observed in the year of 2017 as compared with 1992, followed by barren land (≈32%) and ravine area (≈28%). Ravine soil loss was directly related with increase built-up area and agricultural land; both the activities are based on human development and thus ways these activities could be induce the development of barren land and also responsible for ravine loss.