黄河决堤过程的模拟

Lin Liang, J. Ni, A. Borthwick, B. Rogers
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引用次数: 15

摘要

决堤和溃坝过程具有相似的非定常和不连续水动力特性,但两者之间存在显著差异。一般来说,溃坝模拟关注的是洪水流量,而溃坝模拟需要提供详细的水力和溃坝演化过程信息,如坑冲刷和溃坝扩展。为了克服现有溃坝模型应用于溃坝的固有困难,本文提出了一种结合浅水、输沙、河床变形和溃坝扩展方程的综合模型。采用基于固定四叉树网格系统的godunov型有限体积法进行流动模拟。该模型的水动力方面对一个理想的矩形溃坝进行了验证。在黄河决堤风险较大的位置选择具有代表性的河段,并提供全面的地形和水文数据。成功地模拟了典型的溃堤过程,预测的水力特性和地形变化定性地与实验室数据一致。该模型研究对黄河截流、封头等工程对策的实施具有重要的现实意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Simulation of dike-break processes in the Yellow River
Although dike-break and dam-break processes have similar unsteady and discontinuous hydrodynamic characteristics, there are significant differences. In general, dam-break simulations focus on the flood discharge, whereas dike-break simulations are required to provide detailed information on the hydraulic and breach evolution processes, such as pit-scour and breach-expansion. In order to overcome the difficulties inherent in applying existing dam-break models to dike-breaks, this paper presents an integrated model that combines the shallow water, sediment transport, riverbed deformation and breach-expansion equations. A Godunov-type finite volume method is used for the flow simulation, based on a fixed quadtree grid system. The hydrodynamic aspects of the model are validated for an idealized rectangular dam break. A representative reach in the Yellow River is selected at a location where there is a significant risk of a dike-break, and full-scale topographic and hydrologic data are available. Typical dike-break processes are successfully simulated, with predicted hydraulic characteristics and terrain changes qualitatively in agreement with laboratory data. The modeling study is of practical importance for implementation of engineering countermeasures in the Yellow River, such as breach blocking and head wrapping.
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