Overexpression of PDL-1 is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent malignancy in women globally and and the 2nd in Indonesia. In 2008, the Indonesian Cancer Foundation projected that 52 million Indonesian women are at risk for cervical cancer, and that 36% of all cancer patients are cervical cancer patients. Increasing by 0.6% per year. There are 9,496 cervical cancer-related deaths in Indonesia, compared to an estimated 24,400 worldwide. The crude incidence rate of cervical cancer in Indonesia is 17 per 100.000 women. The majority of individuals with cervical cancer who passed away have received chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in immune therapy studies focused at preventing cancers from evading the immune response of the tumor. Among them is PD-I research. The association between PD-1 and its PDL-1 ligand suppresses cytotoxic T cells in the immune response to tumors. PDL-1 overexpression was also associated with a poor prognosis in a few other carcinomas. This study intends to determine whether PDL I overexpression is a risk factor for cervical cell carcinoma metastasis. Metastasis is indicative of a poor prognosis in cancer.