Serdal Tümkaya
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摘要

连续性命题(CT)并不表明科学、常识和哲学之间的相似之处比其反对者所宣称的要多得多。在其奎因式的动机下,CT被用来提出一种关于如何做哲学的规范性观念;它不是一个关于哲学、常识和科学之间实际关系的描述性论文,而是它们的历史和发展起源。CT主要不是一篇描述科学与非科学之间相似之处的论文。然而,它是基于另一个描述性的,密切相关的论点:从中间开始。所有的思想,无论是人类的还是动物的,科学的还是非科学的,都是从一大堆继承下来的知识、假设和周围的一般框架开始的。没有宇宙放逐,没有阿基米德观点,没有“无处可见”。这是奎因的观察,也是他对分析和综合区分的攻击的基础;他对整体论和经验主义的辩护,两者结合起来产生了奎因的自然主义。因此,CT应该被认为是Quinean自然主义的终极表达,不能因为科学、常识和哲学之间的巨大差异,甚至偶尔完全对立而被否定。它也不意味着哲学必须融入科学,而不需要对目前的科学概念进行实质性的转变。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Quine felsefesinde süreklilik tezinin gerçek anlamı nedir?
The continuity thesis (CT) does not suggest that the similarities between science, common sense, and philosophy are much more than its opponents might claim. Under its Quinean motivation, CT is used to suggest a normative idea concerning how to do philosophy; it is not a descriptive thesis about the actual relationships between philosophy, common sense, and science, except the historical and developmental origins of them. CT is not primarily a descriptive thesis on the similarities between science and non-science. It is, however, based upon another descriptive, closely related thesis: starting from the middle. All thought, human and animal, scientific or not, begins from an inherited mass of knowledge, assumptions, and a surrounding general framework. There is no cosmic exile, Archimedean point, and “view from nowhere.” This is an observation for Quine and underlies his attack against the analytic and the synthetic distinction; his defense of holism and of empiricism which in combination yields Quinean naturalism. Thus, CT should be considered as the ultimate expression of Quinean naturalism and cannot be invalidated by showing the vast differences, even occasionally outright opposition, between science, common sense, and philosophy. Neither does it imply that philosophy must be assimilated into science without a substantial shift in the present notion of science.
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