Evaluation of Energy Detection-Based Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Applications

— In this paper, a novel design of cognitive radio (CR) system based on a tunable ultra wide-band antenna is suggested; it offers a quick and cheap method for effectively locating spectrum gaps spanning. The frequency ranges of 9.30 to 13 GHz with three operating bandwidths (BW) of 1.11GHz ,0.8 GHz, and 0.36GHz. Frequency is scanned by using a tunable Ultra-Wideband, the antenna has a small size with five gaps that are used as a Switch 2 mm × 3 mm and the partial ground 30 mm × 30 mm, these Switches can offer a tuning capability. The suggested antenna is constructed on a Rogers RT5880 substrate with a relative permittivity (εr) =2.2 and a dielectric thickness of 1.575 mm. This design of antenna has a number of benefits, including small size, low cost, easy to fabricate, and band accessibility that is elastic, the ground and patch antenna are fabricated on copper. At 10 GHz, an overall realized gain of 8.65dBi is achieved. The low VSWR < 2 antenna presented has a suitable radiation characteristic to gratify the needs of existing and future wireless communication systems. Return loss simulation findings for different switch states and radiation patterns at different frequencies are also shown, at the end both simulation and measurements are presented.