Epilogue

This epilogue briefly surveys the agricultural and cultural life of pigs after the early Middle Ages. Familiar patterns took new forms: in the high Middle Ages, the closeness of humans and pigs was explored in new medical and legal procedures. Pigs became salvaging accessories to a new class of coercive elites in the New World. And the Christianization of the pig was intensified, both to deepen Christians’ engagement with theologies of the flesh and to sharpen their anti-Semitism. But an in-depth history of pigs and ecologies after the first millennium still needs investigation.