网络安全对全pmu状态估计器的影响——以联合仿真平台GECO为例

Hua Lin, Yi Deng, S. Shukla, J. Thorp, L. Mili
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引用次数: 52

摘要

传统的状态估计器需要较长的扫描时间,导致状态估计延迟和不准确。随着相量测量单元(pmu)部署的增加,预计在电力控制中心,全pmu状态估计将最终取代传统或混合状态估计器。由于在测量现场对电压和电流互感器进行反复校准,并直接对相量进行时间同步测量,因此全pmu状态估计器的估计状态不仅准确,而且速度快,从而可以将系统状态用于保护,稳定甚至校准测量设备。然而,由于高度依赖先进的通信网络基础设施来实时传输大量测量数据,电力系统的网络攻击面增加了。故意的网络攻击或无意的网络故障都会影响状态估计器,导致电力系统的误操作。本文采用电力系统和数据网络联合仿真的方法,研究了网络安全对全pmu状态估计器的影响。新英格兰39总线系统模型的线性状态估计器和相应的数据网络建立在全球事件驱动的联合仿真平台“GECO”中,该平台是为我们的实验设置开发和利用的。对PSLF(电力系统模拟器)和NS-2(网络模拟器)进行了网络注入攻击的联合仿真。模拟了以网络故障或恶意数据注入为形式的注入式网络攻击,并观察了其影响。当受影响的测量数量低于阈值时,我们还观察到全pmu状态估计器的鲁棒性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cyber security impacts on all-PMU state estimator - a case study on co-simulation platform GECO
Traditional state estimators require longer scan time, leading to delayed, and inaccurate state estimation. Given the increased deployment trend of phasor measurement units (PMUs), it is expected that all-PMU state estimation will eventually replace traditional or mixed state estimators at the control centers of power utilities. Due to the repeated calibration of the voltage and current transformers at the measurement sites, and direct time-synchronized measurement of phasors, the estimated state by an all-PMU state estimator is not only accurate, but also available at a rapid rate, leading to the use of the system state for protection, stabilization, and even calibration of the measuring devices. However, due to high reliance on an advanced communication network infrastructure for the delivery of large amount of measurements in real-time, the cyber attack surface of the power system is increased. Deliberate cyber attacks or unintentional network failures can affect the state estimator leading to misoperations of the power system. In this paper, we study the cyber security impacts on the all-PMU state estimator, using a power system and data network co-simulation method. A linear state estimator for a model of the New England 39-bus system and the corresponding data network is built in a global event-driven co-simulation platform “GECO” which was developed and leveraged for our experimental setup. The co-simulation of PSLF (power system simulator) and NS-2 (network simulator) is run with injection of attacks on the network. The injected cyber attacks in the form of network failures or malicious data injection are simulated and their effects are observed. We also, observe the robustness of the all-PMU state estimator, when the number of affected measurements is below a threshold.
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