意大利罂粟爆发管理

P. Gotta, M. Ciampitti, B. Cavagna, Giovanni Bosio, G. Gilioli, A. Alma, A. Battisti, N. Mori, Giuseppe Mazza, G. Torrini, F. Paoli, G. Santoiemma, A. Simonetto, F. Lessio, G. Sperandio, E. Giacometto, A. Bianchi, P. Roversi, L. Marianelli
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引用次数: 1

摘要

日本菊是欧盟的重点害虫,2014年首次在意大利北部被发现。自发现以来,疫情蔓延到意大利北部和瑞士南部超过1.6万平方公里的地区。本文综述了意大利在粳稻的传播能力和防治措施方面的研究进展。通过强调其优缺点,介绍了自发现以来采取的化学、物理和生物控制措施。一项对日本血吸虫入侵生态系统的深入研究揭示了昆虫病原真菌和线虫的天然菌株的存在和致病性,其中一些菌株在实验室条件下对日本血吸虫幼虫具有特别的攻击性。伦巴第大区和皮埃蒙特大区的植物卫生当局在若干研究机构的支持下,在最初的根除工作以及随后遏制日本稻瘟虫传播方面发挥了关键作用。在疫区通过设置诱捕器、绿僵菌自动传播器和“诱杀法”等多种诱捕措施,抑制金龟子成虫种群。为了控制幼虫,用昆虫病原真菌金龟子芽孢杆菌和异habditis bacteriophora线虫的商业菌株对侵染地进行了处理。未来的研究将致力于将物候和传播模型与最有效的控制措施结合起来,采用生态可持续的方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Popillia japonica – Italian outbreak management
Popillia japonica, a priority pest for the EU, was first detected in Northern Italy in 2014. Since its discovery, the outbreak extended over an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of research conducted in Italy on both the spreading capacity and control measures of P. japonica. Chemical, physical, and biological control measures deployed since its detection are presented, by highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. An in-depth study of the ecosystems invaded by P. japonica disclosed the presence and pathogenicity of natural strains of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes, some of which have shown to be particularly aggressive towards the larvae of this pest under laboratory conditions. The Plant Health authorities of the Lombardy and Piedmont regions, with the support of several research institutions, played a crucial role in the initial eradication attempt and subsequently in containing the spread of P. japonica. Control measures were performed in the infested area to suppress adult populations of P. japonica by installing several traps (e.g., for mass trapping, for auto-dissemination of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, and “attract & kill”). For larval control, the infested fields were treated with commercial strains of the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae and nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Future studies will aim at integrating phenological and spread models developed with the most effective control measures, within an ecologically sustainable approach.
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