Who builds 'Science Cities' and 'Knowledge Parks'? High technology firms mobilising heterogeneous commercialisation networks

The recent failure to deliver the Lisbon agenda has led to much soul-searching within Europe (cf. The Sapir Group, 2005). This failure has enlarged the gulf between the limited number of successful knowledge regions, and those regions for whom globalisation has brought further anxiety, job losses and economic restructuring. More recent Lisbon-inspired policies have therefore attempted to build linkages between successful ‘knowledge islands’ and other, outlying and peripheral places so all can exploit concentrations of European knowledge and innovativeness.