Path loss compensated co-polarized stacked antennas with progressive offset ZIM for mmWave 5G base stations

In order to achieve uniform illumination on the ground in the context of an indoor base station, path loss compensation of the base station antennas is necessary. Hence, a co-polarized pattern diversity topology is proposed to realize the same. The module has three elements wherein the central element is a tapered slot antenna operating at 28 GHz and a gain of 5.5 dBi. 3 dB additional gain is required for beams being illuminated at 45°. A progressive offset zero index metamaterial ensemble is integrated onto the aperture of the tapered slot antenna. A compact stacked co-polarized architecture is presented for an angular coverage of 130°.