通过电子游戏进行科学发现的框架(论文,更新版本)

ACM Books Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI:10.1145/2625848
Seth Cooper
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引用次数: 34

摘要

随着科学的计算性越来越强,计算可处理性的限制成为科学进步的障碍。然而,许多科学问题是可以由人类解决问题的能力来解决的,这些能力与计算能力相辅相成。通过在更大范围内利用这些技能——而不是目前从事科学探索的相对较少的个人——就有可能获得新的科学发现。这本书提出了一个框架,将开放的科学问题映射到电子游戏中。游戏框架将计算能力与人类解决问题的能力和创造力结合起来,致力于解决以前计算机和人类都无法单独解决的科学问题。为了最大化科学发现的潜在贡献者,该框架设计了一个游戏,供没有正式科学背景的人玩,并通过无数的合作或竞争奖励结构来激励长期参与。该框架允许玩家和游戏相互持续共同进化:当玩家通过游戏玩法获得专业知识时,游戏就会变成一个更好的工具。该框架通过应用于电子游戏《Foldit》的蛋白质组学问题得到了验证。Foldit玩家为蛋白质结构预测、蛋白质设计和蛋白质结构优化算法的新发现做出了贡献。在激励性游戏框架中,人类解决问题和计算机工具的共同进化是一条令人兴奋的新科学途径,可以带来目前其他方法无法实现的发现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Framework for Scientific Discovery through Video Games (dissertation, updated version)
From the Preface As science becomes increasingly computational, the limits of what is computationally tractable become a barrier to scientific progress. Many scientific problems, however, are amenable to human problem solving skills that complement computational power. By leveraging these skills on a larger scale---beyond the relatively few individuals currently engaged in scientific inquiry---there is the potential for new scientific discoveries. This book presents a framework for mapping open scientific problems into video games. The game framework combines computational power with human problem solving and creativity to work toward solving scientific problems that neither computers nor humans could previously solve alone. To maximize the potential contributors to scientific discovery, the framework designs a game to be played by people with no formal scientific background and incentivizes long-term engagement with a myriad of collaborative or competitive reward structures. The framework allows for the continual coevolution of the players and the game to each other: as players gain expertise through gameplay, the game changes to become a better tool. The framework is validated by being applied to proteomics problems with the video game Foldit. Foldit players have contributed to novel discoveries in protein structure prediction, protein design, and protein structure refinement algorithms. The coevolution of human problem solving and computer tools in an incentivized game framework is an exciting new scientific pathway that can lead to discoveries currently unreachable by other methods.
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