Aggregation of DERs like Air Conditioners for Virtual Power Plant, based on IEEE 1547 Standards Family

We live in a very connected world. As the world gets even more connected with the proliferation of connected devices, i.e., Internet of Things (IoT), a paradigm shift will happen in an electric utility system that relies on the mandatory balance of demand and supply. Balancing capabilities must be on standby at the power grid network to fulfill this requirement, showing high dependency on large-scale power plants on the supply side. However, Demand-side Energy Management System (D-EMS) accumulate loads like an air conditioner with network access is becoming the catalyst in influencing the design of the demand and supply balancing formula. IEEE 1547 standards family describe that Demand Response (DR) Aggregator acquires balancing capacities by aggregating DR units, namely Virtual Power Plant (VPP). This research presented and verified that aggregation of D-EMSs that refers to the accumulation of loads with network access like air conditioners showing a characteristic of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), realized VPP with offering scalability. Significantly, the measurement of D-EMS by a smart power meter with the certification of the centralized authority was able to ensure transparency in VPP as a whole system, removing the weakness of a distributed system.