智能十字路口毫米波路边装置的低开销码本设计

Bryse Flowers, Xinyu Zhang, S. Dey
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摘要

为了满足新兴道路用例的高数据速率要求,将需要毫米波车载通信。这项工作研究了车辆与位于十字路口的路边单元(RSU)通信的能力。实用的毫米波无线电使用一个码本,一组离散的模拟波束,在运行期间定期搜索,以找到每个接收器使用的最佳波束。由于在进行波束搜索时不使用无线信道进行通信,因此此搜索会产生开销。这项工作的重点是通过优化RSU的特定地点码本设计来减少波束训练的开销。由于毫米波信道的稀疏性和车辆的用户分布,我们发现85%的波束可以零影响地从码本中去除。通过仔细选择宽波束的使用,码本的大小可以进一步减少到64波束,同时仍然为交叉路口提供全方位覆盖。其他研究重点集中在试图增强或完全消除光束训练;然而,这需要对物理层进行更改。如果只需要更新无线电配置,就可以完全消除波束训练开销,那么码本优化可以实现大约80%的通信性能。因此,这项工作发现,今天的商用毫米波无线电已经足以在rsu中部署。为了验证所提出的码本优化算法,开发了一个详细的毫米波光线跟踪框架,该框架包含了反射器的三维环境信息和材料属性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Low Overhead Codebook Design for mmWave Roadside Units Placed at Smart Intersections
In order to meet the high data rate requirements of emerging roadway use cases, mmWave vehicular communications will be needed. This work studies the ability of vehicles to communicate with a Roadside Unit (RSU) placed at an intersection. Practical mmWave radios utilize a codebook, a discrete set of analog beams, that is periodically searched during runtime to find the optimal beam to use for each receiver. This search creates overhead as the wireless channel is not used for communication while this beam search is happening. This work focuses on reducing the overhead of beam training by optimizing the site-specific codebook design of a RSU. Owing to the sparsity of the mmWave channel and the user distribution for vehicles, it is found that 85% of beams can be removed from the codebook with zero-impact. By carefully selecting the usage of wide beams the codebook size can be further reduced to just 64 beams while still providing omni-directional coverage for an intersection. Other research thrusts have focused on attempting to augment or remove beam training entirely; however, this necessitates a change to the PHY layer. Codebook optimization achieves approximately 80% of the communications performance that would be achieved if beam training overhead could be completely removed while only requiring a radio configuration update. Thus, this work finds that today’s commercial mmWave radios are sufficient for deployments in RSUs. To validate the proposed codebook optimization algorithm, a detailed mmWave ray tracing framework that encompasses 3D environmental information and material properties of reflectors is developed.
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