An intelligent multi-criteria decision-based approach for sustainable growth of the energy sector: the case study of India and Vietnam

Traditional and sustainable forms of energy are examined from a variety of angles, including economics, technology, society, ecology, politics, and flexibility, to ensure that Vietnam’s energy industry continues to expand sustainably. These sources have been evaluated and assessed using an extended spherical fuzzy MCDM method. Thermal, gas, nuclear, solar, wind, biomass, and hydro energy alternatives are employed in the decision-making model. The weights of evaluation criteria are determined using the spherical fuzzy AHP model, and renewable power choices are prioritized using the WPM model. We used six main criteria, twenty-six sub-criteria, and seven alternatives. In Vietnam, solar power was found to be the most suitable, followed by wind and hydropower, followed by hydro, followed by Biomass. The worst alternative is thermal. After that, fourteen situations were built, taking into consideration the first five renewable technologies (solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and gas power), in assessing the ideal energy mix scenario for the slow gestation of Vietnam's energy sector. Solar, wind, and hydro energy growth in a pass shipping scenario.