同一个健康,同一个国家公园:对现代新观点和经济学的贡献

K. Howe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

“同一个健康”是一个将人类、动物和环境健康视为一个相互依存的单一系统的组成部分的概念。Covid-19大流行的影响远远超出了冠状病毒对人们健康的直接影响,突显了这一日益具有影响力的观点的重要性。在实践中,同一个健康源于人类和动物健康科学的早期从属关系。随着时间的推移,每个研究领域都在发展,以解决自己的议程。最近,兽医科学家领导了统一健康科学的重新整合、扩展和推广,以解决健康和人们的总体福祉被视为不可分割的现代问题。一个先决条件是制定一个概念和原则的框架,以便清楚地定义问题、需要了解的相互关系以及适合定量分析的汇总水平。本文通过考虑在人类、动物和环境子系统中不可避免地必须做出的经济权衡,以及政策干预叠加在这些子系统上的后果,扩展了这一框架。英格兰南部的新森林国家公园(New Forest National Park)就是一个很好的例子。根据石山对“同一健康”的定义,首先采用了将人类和动物健康联系起来的传统方法。莱姆病、阿拉巴马腐病、牛结核病和勒颈是已知值得严重关注的疾病的例子。重点是在应对缓解资源使用的同时,寻找有效降低社会风险的空间。附加在放牧子系统上的是对普通农民的补助。实际上是人头付款所提供的财政激励导致动物存栏数增长如此之多,以至于更广泛的环境很可能受到值得调查的不利溢出效应的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
One Health, One National Park: A Contribution to New Perspectives and Economics for Modern Times
One Health is a concept that sees human, animal, and environmental health as parts of a single interdependent system. The Covid-19 pandemic, its implications reaching far beyond the direct effects of a coronavirus on people’s health, underlines the importance of this increasingly influential perspective. In practice, One Health has its roots in early affiliations of human and animal health science. Over time, each sphere of inquiry evolved to address its own agenda. Recently, veterinary scientists have led the reintegration, extension, and promotion of One Health sciences to address modern-day problems in which health and people’s general wellbeing are viewed as inseparable. A prerequisite is to set out a framework of concepts and principles enabling clear definition of problems, interrelationships needing to be understood, and the level of aggregation appropriate for quantitative analysis. This paper extends the framework by considering economic trade-offs that inevitably must be made in the human, animal, and environmental sub-systems, and the consequences when policy interventions are superimposed on them. The New Forest National Park in southern England is a case where this perspective is essential. Following the Stone Mountain definition of One Health, first a conventional approach linking human and animal health is taken. Lyme disease, Alabama rot, bovine tuberculosis and strangles are examples of diseases known to be of significant concern. The focus is finding scope for socially efficient risk reduction in response to mitigation resource use. Superimposed on the grazing livestock subsystems are support payments for commoner farmers. The financial incentives provided by what effectively are headage payments have caused animal inventories to grow so much that the wider environment may well be subject to adverse spillover effects that merit investigation.
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