休谟:物理学中的偶然性

C. Hoefer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

关于客观概率存在的一些最引人注目的例子来自物理学,特别是量子物理学和统计力学。因此,与这些理论中发现的客观概率相一致是HOC整体成功的关键。首先,讨论了经典(玻尔兹曼)统计力学中的客观概率。结果表明,HOC确实捕获了SM的中心概率假设,而且实际上它可能以两种不同的方式这样做。其次,讨论了标准非相对论量子力学(QM)中的客观概率,即基础物理学处于最低概率的概念首次被广泛接受的背景。结果表明,HOC特别适合于捕获QM的概率;其他账户可能做得同样好(尽管有些显然做得不好),但没有一个能做得更好。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Humean Chance in Physics
Some of the most compelling examples of the existence of truly objective probabilities come from physics, in particular quantum physics and statistical mechanics. So it is crucial to the overall success of HOC that it be compatible with the objective probabilities found in these theories. First, objective probabilities in classical (Boltzmannian) statistical mechanics (SM) are discussed. It is shown that HOC does capture the central probabilistic postulates of SM, and indeed that it may do so in two distinct ways. Second, objective probabilities in standard, non-relativistic quantum mechanics (QM), the context in which the notion that fundamental physics is at bottom chancy first became widely accepted, are discussed. It is shown that HOC is especially apt for capturing the probabilities of QM; other accounts may do equally well (though some clearly do not), but none can do the job better.
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