高校科教工作者专业活动学生评价工具:国外与国内经验

Yurii Skyba, Lebedynets Hanna
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引用次数: 1

摘要

考虑到外部和内部的挑战,包括乌克兰加入欧洲高等教育区和欧洲研究区,乌克兰“教育法”(2017年),“科学和技术活动法”(2016年),“高等教育法”(2014年)的通过,高等教育系统改革开始了。改革高等教育的方向之一是提高对科学工作者和教学工作者的专业水平的要求,因为只有高度合格的专家才能为申请高等教育的人提供高水平的培训,从而培养具有竞争力的专家。本文旨在找出学生评价国内外高等院校科研工作者和教学工作者开展的专业活动的工具。为了达到目的和解决既定任务,我们采用了复杂的科学研究方法:理论分析学术文献——阐明科学家在某一特定研究课题上的成果;结构和系统分析-确定学生用于评估国内外高等教育机构科学和教学工作者专业活动的评估工具;比较法——对评价科学工作者和教育工作者开展的专业活动的国内外工具的内容进行比较分析。总结研究结果表明,在市场经济中,包括英国、澳大利亚和美利坚合众国(美国),在学生参与评估教学人员的专业表现方面有积极的经验。让学生参与评价学生教学人员专业工作的合理性,主要是因为他们与教学人员接触最多,是教学人员服务的直接消费者。通过对英国、澳大利亚和美国大学评估学生专业工作和个人素质的最佳实践的分析,我们确定了主要的工具是:在线评估系统;学生评级;来自学生的反馈以改善教与学,包括来自整个小组或课程的学生来信;校友的反馈(包括硕士和博士研究生,以及研究生助理)等等。对国内实践的分析表明,对高校学术人员的专业活动和个人素质的评价多采用匿名问卷、学生排名等手段。引进国外使用各种工具评估国内高等教育机构科学和教育工作者专业活动的经验,将有助于他们对自己的专业活动进行自我反思,发展专业发展轨迹,重点关注需要专业发展和提高质量的领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Students’ assessment tools of professional activities of scientific and pedagogical workers of higher education institutions: foreign and domestic experience
Considering the external and internal challenges, including accession of Ukraine to the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area, the adoption of the Laws of Ukraine «On Education» (2017), «On Scientific and Technical Activities» (2016), «On Higher Education» (2014) the systematic reforming higher education began. One of the directions of reforming higher education is to increase the requirements for the professional level of scientific and pedagogical workers, since only a highly qualified specialist is able to provide a high level of training for the applicants for higher education and, accordingly, to prepare a competitive specialist. The article is aimed to identify the tools for students to evaluate the professional activities carried out by the scientific and pedagogical workers in foreign and domestic higher education institutions. To achieve the aim and solve the set tasks, we used a complex of methods of scientific research: theoretical analysis of academic literature - to clarify the achievements of the scientists on a particular topic of research; structural and system analysis - to identify the tools of evaluation used by the students to assess professional activity of scientific and pedagogical workers of foreign and domestic higher education institutions; comparative method - to carry out a comparative analysis of the content of domestic and foreign instruments for evaluating the professional activities carried out by scientific and pedagogical workers. Summarizing the results of the study indicates that there is a positive experience in the market economies, including the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States of America (USA) regarding the involvement of students in evaluating the professional performance of teaching staff. The reasonability of engaging students in evaluating the professional work of students' teaching staff is primarily due to the fact that they most often contact with the teaching staff and they are the direct consumers of their services. Based on an analysis of the best university practices in the UK, Australia, and the United States for assessing students' professional work and their personal qualities, it has been established that the main tools are: an online assessment system; student ratings; feedback from students to improve teaching and learning, including student letters prepared from the whole group or course; feedback from alumni (including masters and PhD students, as well as graduate assistants) and more. The analysis of domestic practices showed that instruments such as anonymous questionnaires and student rankings are mostly used to evaluate the professional activities of academic staff of higher education institutions and their personal qualities. The introduction of foreign experience of the use of various tools for assessing the professional activities of the scientific and pedagogical workers in domestic higher education institutions will contribute to the self-reflection of their own professional activities, the development of a trajectory of professional development focused on the areas that require professional development and improvement of quality.
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