Modeling of Short-Wave Propagation in the Anisotropic Ionosphere using Parabolic Equation

This paper presents a parabolic equation model for predicting short-wave (SW) propagation in the anisotropic ionosphere. In this model, the influences of the geomagnetic field are described by integrating a double-refractive index. As a result, the refraction, absorption, and anisotropy of ionosphere are fully considered. Numerical examples are presented, and the time-frequency characteristics, double-refraction phenomenon, and the non-reciprocity of the ionosphere are analyzed by using the presented model. The simulation results are beneficial to the designs of sky-wave communication links.