Mitigação do Impacto Ambiental em Áreas Cársticas: Estudo de Caso de uma Dolina de Colapso na Rodovia Federal BR-135/BA

The peculiarity of the behavior of karstic soils is associated with the geology of the carbonate rocks, that is, the formation process originated by the chemical dissolution (corrosion) of the rock through the geological time. This feature is intrinsic to karst geomorphology, since a large part of the landscape is modeled by erosive processes resulting in a set of typical forms, such as dolines, blind valleys, rock walls, rock shelters, lapiás and sinks. Therefore, any type of development that is conceived in this type of terrain must be aimed at interfering as little as possible in the processes of doline formation. This article deals with a collapse doline, which is located in the region of the development of the route of federal highway BR-135 / BA, in the municipality of Santa Maria da Vitória, in the state of Bahia, characterized by sudden collapses in the form of a crater and which has been increasing in size due to erosions caused by runoff. From the environmental point of view, the concern is that the implementation and operation of the highway will negatively interfere in the hydrological cycle of the region through surface and underground runoff, accelerating the process of doline formation already present in the crater. For this reason, the present article approaches practices that discipline the pluviometric flow, minimizing the transport of sediment into the doline studied, in order to avoid the crater increase and possible collapses