Calibration-free text entry using smooth pursuit eye movements

In this paper, we propose a calibration-free gaze-based text entry system that uses smooth pursuit eye movements. We report on our implementation, which improves over prior work on smooth pursuit text entry by 1) eliminating the need of calibration using motion correlation, 2) increasing input rate from 3.34 to 3.41 words per minute, 3) featuring text suggestions that were trained on 10,000 lexicon sentences recommended in the literature. We report on a user study (N=26) which shows that users are able to eye type at 3.41 words per minutes without calibration and without user training. Qualitative feedback also indicates that users positively perceive the system. Our work is of particular benefit for disabled users and for situations when voice and tactile input are not feasible (e.g., in noisy environments or when the hands are occupied).