人口转型视角下的大城市家庭政策

B. Krimer
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文在第二次人口转型的框架内考虑大都市家庭政策的发展。人口结构的变化导致某些有孩子的家庭(单亲家庭、大家庭)的脆弱性扩大,同时也加剧了生育与就业、负担能力、有利的生育环境相结合的问题。这项工作的目的是分析乌克兰大城市生育率变化的特点,查明这些变化所造成的挑战,审议欧洲发达国家目前的家庭政策做法,拟订关于乌克兰城市家庭政策发展的结论。这项工作使用了一系列统计指标,这些指标是根据乌克兰国家统计局、经济合作与发展组织(经合发组织家庭数据库)、欧盟统计局(欧共体统计局)形成的。通过长时间序列分析,研究了大城市的生育趋势。相关性分析用于确定现代乌克兰个体生育因素的重要性。采用历史类比和系统方法对家庭政策进行研究并形成建议。本文的新颖之处在于通过对人口挑战和欧洲家庭政策经验的研究,确认了乌克兰大城市生育能力的转变与欧洲进程的一致性,并形成了乌克兰大城市家庭政策发展的愿景。在大城市,母亲老龄化和某些类别的有子女家庭(单亲家庭、大家庭)的脆弱性的蔓延,以及生育与就业、负担能力、有利的生育环境相结合的问题的加剧日益严重。在大都市制定家庭政策的优先领域是发展儿童保育服务、促进父母就业、促进住房、推广两性平等。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Family Policy in Big Cities in Terms of Demographic Transition
The paper considers the development of family policy in metropolises within the frameworks of the second demographic transition. Demographic transformations lead to the spread of vulnerability of certain categories of families with children—single-parent families, large families—as well as exacerbation of the problem of combining childbirth and employment, aff ordability, favorable environment for childbirth. The aim of the work is to analyze the peculiarities of fertility transformations in metropolitan cities of Ukraine and to identify the challenges caused by them, to consider current practices of family policy in developed European countries, to formulate conclusions on the development of family policy in Ukrainian cities. The work uses an array of statistical indicators, formed on the basis of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD Family Database), Eurostat (Eurostat). Fertility trends in metropolitan cities are studied by analyzing long time series. Correlation analysis is used to determine the importance of individual fertility factors in modern Ukraine. The study of family policy and the formation of recommendations is carried out using a historical analogy and a systematic approach. The novelty of the article lies in the confi rmation of the conformity of the transformation of fer tility in metropolises of Ukraine to European processes and formation of a vision of fami ly policy development in large metropolitan cities of Ukraine based on the study of demographic challenges and experience of family policy in Europe. In large metropolitan cities, the aging of motherhood and the spread of vulnerability of certain categories of families with children—single-parent families, large families—as well as exacerbation of the problem of combining childbirth and employment, aff ordability, favorable environment for childbirth has grown in intensity. Priority areas for the development of family policy in a metropolitan are the development of child care services, promotion of parental employment, promotion of housing, spread of gender equality.
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