The Impact of Intervention Based on Protection Motivation Theory on Treatment Adherence in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

Background: Patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) gradually reduce their follow-up treatment due to the vulnerable physical condition and high involvement with the disease-related treatment process. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of intervention based on the protection motivation theory (PMT) on treatment adherence in patients with IHD. Methods: This quasi-experimental research used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with IHD referred to the Payambar Azam hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran for more than once between March 2019 and May 2020. A total of 16 patients were selected through the matched targeted sampling and randomly assigned into two equal groups of experimental and control (n = 8 each). The test group received an intervention based on the PMT in six 90-minute sessions within 45 days. We used the Modanloo Treatment Adherence Questionnaire (TAQ), and the data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in the SPSS23 statistical software. Results: The results of ANCOVA showed that the intervention based on the PMT significantly increased the treatment adherence and its subscales in patients with IHD (P<0.001). Conclusion: Intervention based on the PMT can be used as an effective intervention to increase treatment adherence in patients with IHD, depending on proper nutrition training, self-care skills, awareness-raising, and relaxation exercises.