发展、现代化和生育决策中的儿子偏好

D. Filmer, J. Friedman, Norbert R. Schady
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引用次数: 30

摘要

家庭重男轻女可能以不同的方式表现出来,包括女孩死亡率较高、健康状况较差或受教育程度较低。这项研究的重点是发展中国家重男轻女的一个衡量标准,即考虑到家庭中现有子女的性别构成,继续生育的可能性。作者使用了一个不同寻常的大数据集,涵盖了65个国家和大约500万新生儿。分析表明,重男轻女现象在发展中世界的许多地区都很明显,在南亚、东欧和中亚地区尤为严重。现代化似乎并没有减少重男轻女的现象。例如,在南亚,受教育程度较高的女性更倾向于重男轻女,并且随着时间的推移而增加。对这些模式的解释似乎是,当生育水平较低时,潜在的重男轻女倾向更有可能表现出来。由于重男轻女的观念,女孩在成长过程中往往比男孩有更多的兄弟姐妹,如果存在数量和质量的权衡,导致在大家庭中分配给孩子的物质和情感资源减少,这可能会对她们的幸福产生影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Development, Modernization, and Son Preference in Fertility Decisions
A family preference for sons over daughters may manifest itself in different ways, including higher mortality, worse health status, or lower educational attainment among girls. This study focuses on one measure of son preference in the developing world, namely the likelihood of continued childbearing given the gender composition of existing children in the family. The authors use an unusually large data set, covering 65 countries and approximately 5 million births. The analysis shows that son preference is apparent in many regions of the developing world and is particularly large in South Asia and in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. Modernization does not appear to reduce son preference. For example, in South Asia son preference is larger for women with more education and is increasing over time. The explanation for these patterns appears to be that latent son preference in childbearing is more likely to manifest itself when fertility levels are low. As a result of son preference, girls tend to grow up with significantly more siblings than boys do, which may have implications for their wellbeing if there are quantity-quality trade-offs that result in fewer material and emotional resources allocated to children in larger families.
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