Drain Discharge Characteristics of Horizontal Drums

An investigation is made of the normal steady drainage of water from horizontal drums freely discharging in a steam atmosphere via vertical drains.The flow to the drain orifice in a horizontal drum is asymmetric. At the drain the discharge flow may have several forms; however, there are two basic regimes. At low discharge rates it resembles flow over a weir, whereas with increasing flow there is a transition to a form of orifice flow when discharge is as a jet. In both cases the discharging water is free from entrained steam and vortex formation. Correlations are given to determine the regime and, hence, the applicable head/discharge relationship for drain/drum radius ratios from 0–08 to 0–25.