Study of MIMO integration methods with fifth generation technologies

It is expected that with the general deployment of cellular 4G systems the new technologies would be required to satisfy the heightening demand for higher data transfer speeds and lower delays while retaining low deployment and maintenance costs. Multiple array technologies such as MIMO will play a key role in the forthcoming 5G and 6G systems. This paper will present several MIMO architectures and beamforming solutions for cm- and mm-wave 5G systems that work in the 20 (3-30 GHz) and 100 (30-300 GHz) spectrums. These spectrums provide much higher potential for small cell deployment with the use of large-scale antenna arrays due to the higher data capacity than that of the traditional cellular network systems. The mm-wave 5G ELA systems that will gradually replace LTE are going to have higher capacity with the use of Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) because it enables the usage of uplink/downlink reciprocity in controlling the beamforming operation. It is, however, must be noted that MIMO technology has a key problem that consists of obtaining the necessary information needed to control the transmit and receive algorithms, the solution of which will be discussed in this paper. The array calibration errors that can cause severe performance losses are also going to be considered. The paper therefore will focus on the performance and implementation issues of different multi-user-MIMO (MU-MIMO) solutions for transmission in the cm- and mm-wave bands as well as key problems that follow the transmit MIMO processing for 5G systems. Performance evaluation of RF-based architecture and the traditional baseband transmission methodology for downlink MU-MIMO implementation as well as several transmission schemes to highlight the issues with MU-MIMO for 5G and the solutions to them will be provided.