单细胞组学在神经系统疾病研究中的应用前景

M. Khan, S. Bakhtiar
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摘要

单细胞组学(SCO)是生物医学研究的一个发展领域,在神经科学中提供了主要的应用。人类神经系统是复杂的,在细胞类型上表现出可变性。它包括神经元(功能成分)、胶质细胞(支持细胞)、星形胶质细胞(提供营养)、少突胶质细胞(合成髓鞘)和小胶质细胞(防御机制)。为了了解神经系统的功能和疾病状态,有必要在单细胞水平上进行研究。据估计,全球每9人中就有1人受到精神或神经障碍的影响,包括心理障碍(一般称为精神障碍)、精神障碍(涉及精神病)和神经障碍(涉及神经因素)。这些疾病有多因素的病因,由遗传和环境因素引起。每一种疾病都有不同的病理生理,影响多个脑区。SCO在神经系统疾病的诊断、病理生理学和治疗方面具有卓越的潜力。严格的SCO方法加强了对复杂神经系统疾病的理解,如脑膜炎、中风、精神分裂症、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病,这为未来的研究铺平了道路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Prospects of Single Cell Omics (SCO) Analysis for Investigating Nervous System Disorders
Single Cell Omics (SCO) is an evolving field in biomedical research which offers prime application in neurosciences. The human nervous system is complex and shows variability in cell types. It includes neurons (functional components), glial cells (supporting cells), astrocytes (provide nourishment), oligodendrocytes (synthesize myelin sheath), and microglia (defense mechanism). To understand the functional and disease states of the nervous system, it is essential to investigate them at the single-cell level. It has been estimated that every 1 in 9 people is affected by mental or neurological disorders, including psychological disorders (generally referred to as mental disorders), psychotic disorders (involving psychosis), and neurological disorders (involving neurological factors), globally. These disorders have multifactorial etiology and are caused by genetic and environmental factors. Every disorder has distinct pathophysiology affecting multiple brain regions. SCO has excellent potential to provide insight regarding the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of neurological disorders. The stringent well directed SCO methods enhance the understanding of complex nervous system disorders, such as meningitis, stroke, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease, which paves the way for future research.
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