节能是乌克兰和世界国家政策的优先方向:在建筑中使用太阳能的问题

S.S. Ermakova, Оlena Vasylenko, Al Echcheikh El Alaoui
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在建筑照明系统形成的科学研究分析中,有节能、建筑内外空间塑造、整合、技术、美学、创新等方面的科学研究。建筑和城市是根据特定的自然和气候条件来设计和定位的。在设计公共和住宅建筑时,主要关注的是庭院相对于地平线两侧的朝向。根据这样的构图技巧,建筑体量从庭院的南侧设计,朝向并向北侧开放。这既提供了免受太阳直接辐射的保护,又能捕捉到凉爽的北风。在阿拉伯国家的整个中世纪建筑时期,类似的方法也发生了,那里的公共区域都面向北方。在建筑中对日照问题和防晒的研究中,有许多领域脱颖而出:美学、分析、理论、实验、仪器、生物和卫生。在20世纪80年代的国内外科学中,第一次将提高现代建筑质量的问题确定为自然和人工照明的主要类别(表现力,舒适性,效率)。在现代建筑的设计中,提高健康和消毒效果具有重要的现实意义。自然和气候因素对建筑质量的主要类别有重要影响。主要的地方是太阳辐射和日晒。“日照”是指在一定计算面积内,考虑到太阳的光、紫外线和热效应的综合作用的太阳辐照总量,不仅包括直接辐照,还包括反射辐照和散射辐照。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ENERGY SAVING AS A PRIORITY DIRECTION OF STATE POLICY IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD: PROBLEMS OF USING SOLAR ENERGY IN ARCHITECTURE
There are aspects of scientific research in the analysis of scientific research in the formation of systems of lighting in architecture: energy conservation, shaping in the internal and external space of architecture, integration, technology, aesthetics and innovation. Buildings and cities were designed and oriented according to specific natural and climatic conditions. When designing public and residential buildings, the main focus was on the orientation of their courtyards relative to the sides of the horizon. According to such compositional techniques, the architectural volumes were designed from the south side of the courtyard, orienting and opening them to the north side. This provided both protection from direct solar radiation and the ability to capture cool northerly winds. A similar approach took place then throughout the entire period of medieval architecture in the Arab countries, where the common areas are oriented to the north. Among the totality of studies of insolation problem and sun protection in architecture, a number of areas stand out: aesthetic, analytical, theoretical, experimental, instrumental, biological and hygienic. For the first time in domestic and foreign science in the 80s of the XX century, the problem of improving the quality of modern architecture is determined by natural and artificial lighting in the main categories (expressiveness, comfort, efficiency). Health-improving and sanitizing effects were of great practical importance in the design of modern buildings. Natural and climatic factors have an important impact on the main categories of architecture quality. The main place is occupied by solar radiation and insolation. The term "insolation" means the total solar irradiation and not only direct, but also reflected and scattered over a certain calculated area, which takes into account the combination of light, ultraviolet and thermal effects of the Sun.
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