南非宪法法院关于专利撤销和侵权事项的一些意见:Ascendis Animal Health (Pty) Ltd诉Merck Sharp Dohme Corporation and Others 2020 (1) SA 327 (CC)

M. du Bois
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在南非法律中,专利的实质性要求可以在侵权诉讼或撤销诉讼期间进行审查。缺乏新颖性(或预期性)是撤销专利的理由,但也可以作为侵权问题的辩护理由。在专利专员和最高上诉法院就与默克98/10975专利相关的侵权和撤销事宜以及Cipla(现为Ascendis)涉嫌侵权作出一系列决定后,宪法法院被要求审议Ascendis Animal Health (Pty) Limited诉Merck Sharp Dohme Corporation and Others 2020 (1) SA 327 (CC)一案。主要问题涉及既判力原则,以及在同一当事人之间的撤销诉讼中,专利的有效性已经确定后,在侵权事项中,专利的无效性是否可以被视为抗辩。这些决定还审议了每项撤销理由是否构成一个单独的问题,或者为了确定某一事项是否为既判力,撤销是否构成一个问题。对上述所有判决的审查也表明,最高上诉法院可能已经形成了在南非法律中确定缺乏新颖性的方法,但没有明确承认方法是不同的。宪法法院各占一半的判决(per Khampepe J和Cameron J)表明,在专利事务中达成公正和公平结果的方法不同。Khampepe J的决定更侧重于从注册簿中删除无效专利的需要,而Cameron J的决定侧重于防止零星诉讼的损害。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Some views from the South African Constitutional Court on patent revocation and infringement matters: Ascendis Animal Health (Pty) Ltd v Merck Sharp Dohme Corporation and Others 2020 (1) SA 327 (CC)
In South African law, the substantive requirements for a patent may be scrutinised during infringement proceedings or revocation proceedings. Lack of novelty (or anticipation) is a ground for revocation of a patent but can also serve as a defense in an infringement matter. After a series of decisions by the Commissioner of Patents and the Supreme Court of Appeal on infringement and revocation matters relating to Merck’s Patent 98/10975 and its alleged infringement by Cipla (now Ascendis), the Constitutional Court was asked to deliberate the matter in Ascendis Animal Health (Pty) Limited v Merck Sharp Dohme Corporation and Others 2020 (1) SA 327 (CC). The main issue related to the principle of res judicata, and whether invalidity of a patent may be considered as a defense during infringement matters after the validity of the patent was already determined during revocation proceedings between the same parties. The decisions also considered whether each revocation ground constituted a separate issue or whether revocation is the issue for purposes of determining whether a matter is res judicata. A review of all the preceding decisions also indicate that the Supreme Court of Appeal may have developed the way in which lack of novelty is determined in South African law, but without explicitly acknowledging that the approach is different. The Constitutional Court’s evenly split decisions (per Khampepe J and Cameron J) indicate different approaches to reaching just and fair outcomes in patent matters. While Khampepe J’s decision focuses more on the need to remove invalid patents from the register, Cameron J’s decision focuses on preventing harm from piecemeal litigation.
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