Cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation

Complex multicellular organisms are composed of different tissues whose individual characteristics depend on the specific proteins expressed selectively and differentially by their cell types. These proteins can function as structural cell components, regulatory enzymes of metabolism, transcription factors, cellular receptors and intracellular signaling components. The incor-rect expression of such proteins, their expression in the wrong places at the wrong time, or the production of specific proteins or proteins of anomalous function in abnormal amounts underlies all cellular pathology with a genetic basis. Therefore, knowledge on regulation mechanisms of protein expression in eukaryotes will contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of various pathologies. The mechanisms of regulation of gene expression operate at the following different levels: transcriptional control, post-transcriptional control (Processing and Transport of Primary RNA), translational or protein synthesis control, and post-transla-tional control. The different control mechanisms include the specific sequences in DNA, the existence of enzymes and regulatory proteins (Recognition Factors) and the chemical modification of DNA, RNA and proteins. Specifically, in heart and cardiac cells have described epigenetic mechanisms and networks of transcription factors essential for their differentiation, but the epigenome remodeling of these differentiated terminal cells during fetal development, postnatal maturation and cardiovascular diseases is unknown. The present review article aimed to provide an overview of the mechanisms of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells and to show that each of these mechanisms is crucial for the maintenance of cell integrity