阿姆斯特丹的犹太人生活和西法迪侨民的形成(1579-1700)

Jane S. Gerber
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摘要

这一章描述了皈依者的双重旅程,一个是向北的自由之旅,一个是对犹太教实践的精神之旅,贯穿了整个16和17世纪。在被驱逐出西班牙后,他们没有亲身经历过犹太社区的生活。将他们团结在一起的是葡萄牙宗教裁判所的共同压迫感,以及作为葡萄牙人(portueses de la nación hebrea, homens de na o)或仅仅是na (“国家”)成员的集体记忆,尽管这种记忆很模糊。这一章探讨了皈依者在塞维利亚、马德里、利马和其他地方形成的一个独特的社会单位,以及与其他葡萄牙和西班牙皈依者的亲切感,无论他们身在何处。这一背景产生了一种新的、不同的历史轨迹。阿姆斯特丹社区在文化和财富方面超过了其他社区,并成为他们的榜样和指南。阿姆斯特丹,反过来,从威尼斯的塞法迪姆吸取了犹太社区的模型。它还考察了正在出现的新的政治现实,荷兰联合省,以及犹太社区的新模式,西西班牙裔侨民。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
JEWISH LIFE IN AMSTERDAM AND THE FORMATION OF THE WESTERN SEPHARDI DIASPORA 1579–1700
This chapter illustrates a twofold journey of Conversos, a physical trek northward to freedom and a spiritual journey to the practice of Judaism, throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. They had no personal experience of life in a Jewish community after the Expulsion from Spain. What united them was a sense of shared oppression at the hands of the Inquisition in Portugal and the collective memory, however faint, of being portugueses de la nación hebrea, homens de nação, or simply members of the nação, the 'Nation'. The chapter explores a distinctive social unit that Conversos formed with extraordinarily tight bonds in Seville, Madrid, Lima, and elsewhere, and a sense of kinship with other Portuguese and Spanish Conversos, wherever they were. This background produced a new and different historical trajectory. The Amsterdam community outstripped the others in culture and affluence and served as their model and guide. Amsterdam, in turn, drew its models of the Jewish community from the Sephardim of Venice. It also examines the emerging new political reality, United Provinces of the Netherlands, and a new model of the Jewish community, the western Sephardi diaspora.
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