乌克兰妇女融入执法机构:社会学层面

О. О. Davydyuk
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摘要

文章揭示了乌克兰执法机构女性化进程中的主要趋势,社会学研究描述了妇女在部队结构中的专业活动的特点和矛盾,以及执法机构中男女性别定型观念和准则的状况。这篇文章的目的是确定增加执法机构中妇女人数的社会心理后果,以及关于妇女在执法机构中的作用和地位的既定观点与这种专业环境中男女关系之间关系的性质。为了实现这一目标,进行了一项社会学调查,在此期间,对乌克兰执法机构的784名雇员进行了采访(46.9%为女性;52.7%男性)。新颖之处在于对执法机构专业环境中性别歧视的主要类型进行了界定,还确定在乌克兰执法机构性别结构形成的现代条件下,基于男权观念的陈规定型观念和指令在男女雇员中占主导地位,这决定了对女性雇员较低和较有限的专业能力的承认,在这方面,他们在执法机构各类专业活动中的辅助(合同)角色地位。同时,性别刻板印象和性别态度也呈现出转变的趋势,这是由男女员工平等主义的强化和传统刻板印象和态度的弱化所决定的。结果发现,根据问题的不同,部队结构中性别容忍(当被调查者明确表示性别无关紧要时)的资源在40- 60%之间。受访者(男性和女性)表现出情境性别灵活性,在评估执法机构的职业环境中使用传统的男性(男性化)和女性(女性化)模型来促进性别平等。确定的是,妇女对自己在部队结构中的能力、能力和效率的评价高于男子。对部队结构中女性化进程的特征进行描述是必要的,以便及时和充分地努力消除或减轻正在出现的矛盾。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Integration of Women Into Law Enforcement Agencies in Ukraine: the Sociological Dimension
The article reveals the main trends in the process of feminization of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine, the sociological study describes the features and contradictions of women’s professional activities in force structures and the state of gender stereotypes and guidelines of men and women in law enforcement agencies. The article aims to identify the socio-psychological consequences of increasing the number of women in force law enforcement agencies and the nature of the relationship between the formed views on the role and place of women in law enforcement agencies and the relationship between women and men in this professional environment. To achieve this goal, a sociological survey was conducted, during which 784 employees of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine were interviewed (46.9 % women; 52.7 % men). The novelty lies in the definition of the main types of sexism in the professional environment of law enforcement agencies, it is also established that in modern conditions of formation of the gender structure of Ukrainian law enforcement agencies, stereotypes and directives based on patriarchal notions are predominant in employees of both genders that determine the recognition of lower and more limited professional abilities of female employees, and in this regard, their auxiliary (contractual) role position in all types of professional activities of law enforcement agencies. At the same time, the tendency of transformation of gender stereotypes and attitudes is revealed, which is determined by the strengthening of egalitarianism and weakening of traditional stereotypes and attitudes of employees of both sexes. It was found that the resource of gender tolerance (when the respondent clearly indicated that gender does not matter) in force structures is in the range of 40-60 %, depending on the question. Respondents (both men and women) showed situational gender flexibility, using both traditionally male (masculine) and female (feminine) models in assessing the professional environment of law enforcement agencies for gender equality. It is determined that women rate their abilities, competence, efficiency in force structures higher than men. Characterization of the processes of feminization in force structures is necessary to make timely and adequate efforts to remove or mitigate the emerging contradictions.
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