Phytochemical Properties, In Vitro Antimicrobial, and Bioactive Compounds of Banana Peel Extractions Using GC-MS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, in vitro antimicrobial activity, DNA damage activity, and bioactive compound identifications in three different banana peels, namely Musa acuminata (Kluai Hom Thong; HT), Musa sapientum L. (Kluai Nam Wa; NW), and Musa balbisiana (Kluai Ta Nee; TN). The extraction was accomplished through maceration with 95% ethanol. Antioxidant capacity was determined to confirm the antioxidant and phytochemical contents. Their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) that commonly infect livestock. ANOVA analysis was used to statistically analyze the results. The amount of ethanolic extractive yield in NW peel extracts was the highest value (9.80 ± 0.12% of dry material weight). In addition, NW had the highest total phenolic content than that of other species, which may be related to its high FRAP, DPPH-antiradical, and DNA damage activity. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of NW peel extracts was more effective against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. coli with the mean inhibition zone of 13, 15 and 13 mm respectively. The bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS. Several antioxidant compounds included n-hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, and squalene. While phytol and squalene were found to possess antibacterial activity. The extracts of banana peels contained 9,19-cyclolanost-25-en-3-ol, 24-methyl-, (3.beta.,24S)- which exhibited antibacterial activity against E.coli. Phytochemical characteristics, antibacterial activity, and bioactive components of NW banana peel extracts were superior to those of HT and TN. Keywords: GC-MS, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Musa acuminata, Musa sapientum L., Musa balbisiana