OUTCOMES AND SAFETY OF RETROGRADE INTRA RENAL SURGERY FOR RENAL STONES

Background: Renal stones are one of the most common urological problems requiring surgical interventions. Retrograde intra-renal surgery is a minimally invasive surgical technique with minimal complications and a good stone-free rate. In the present study we aimed to assess the outcomes and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery. Methods: A retrospective study was performed at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital in the span of two years from Dec 2019 to Nov 2021. Patient demographics; stone burden, stone density, and location were collected from the medical records and evaluated. The data was collected in a proforma which was then entered into SPSS version 20. The data was presented in form of frequency and percentage. Results: One hundred and seventy patients were subjected to retrograde intrarenal surgery, out of which 32 were converted to mini- percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, 12 were presented and total of 126 were subjected to retrograde intrarenal surgery. The major complications were pyrexia in 21(16.67%) patients followed by hematuria in 4(3.17%) patients, and sepsis in 2(1.58%) patients. The stone-free rate was 94.4%. 2 (1.58%) patients underwent mini- percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and5 (3.96%) of them showed stones of varying size 2-6mm, non-obstructive with none of cases planned for staged retrograde intrarenal surgery. Conclusions: Primary Retrograde intrarenal surgery is the safe and effective treatment for the intrarenal stones.