近30年晋西北地区土壤有机碳蓄积量变化研究 The Study on the Change of Soil Carbon Reserves in Northwestern of Shanxi Province in Nearly 30 Years

研究晋西北地区的土壤有机碳对认识农牧交错带的土壤有机碳储量及其分布特征、土壤碳固存潜力、生态恢复的环境效应、调节区域气候，缓解全球变暖具有重要的科学意义。本文基于全国第二次土壤普查数据、2013年遥感影像数据，采用土壤类型法估算晋西北各土壤类型的平均土壤有机碳密度；并结合IPCC计算方法和土地利用转化法对比不同类型土壤有机碳蓄积量的变化。研究发现：1) 晋西北地区土壤平均有机碳密度为8.6 kg/m2；2) 不同土地利用类型土壤有机碳密度为：林地(11.89 kg/m2) > 草地(8.16 kg/m2) > 耕地(6.09 kg/m2) > 其他用地(5.50 kg/m2)；3) 林地、草地和耕地面积占总面积的比重由98.34%减少到了94.30%，但三种地类的土壤碳储量由2683.18•105t，增加到了2013年的2883.27•105t (IPCC算法)和2883.14•105t (土地利用转化法)。由此可知，晋西北地区生态恢复工程的实施增强了土壤的固碳能力。 Study of the northwestern of Shanxi area to recognize patterns in soil organic carbon reserves and its distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon, soil carbon sequestration potential, the en-vironmental effects of ecological restoration, and regulating regional climate, alleviating global warming has important scientific significance. This article was based on the second soil census data and remote sensing image data in 2013. The article estimated average soil organic carbon density of each soil type using soil type method, and soil carbon reserves changes of woodland, grassland and farmland using the IPCC calculation and land use conversion method. The results showed that the average soil organic carbon density is 8.6 kg/m2 in northwestern of Shanxi, soil organic carbon density of different land use types are woodland (11.89 kg/m2) > grassland (8.16 kg/m2) > farmland > (6.09 kg/m2) > other lands (5.50 kg/m2), and the area of woodland, grassland, and farmland is reduced from 98.34% to 94.30% of total area while the soil carbon reserves of them from 2683.18 × 105 t to 2883.27 × 105 t (the IPCC calculation method) or 2883.14 × 105 t (the land use conversion method). It can be seen that the ability of soil carbon sequestration has enhanced by applying the ecological environment restoration project in the northwestern of Shanxi.