Monitoring research of the direction of mineralization processes under the influence of organo-mineral and organic fertilization systems

aim. To monitor changes in the microbial component of gray forest soil under the influence of traditional and modern types of fertilizers used in modern agriculture. Methods. Microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. Results. It has been established that the use of the organo-mineral fertilization system allows to intensify the development of soil organic matter by 56.3%, the mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 14.7%, increases the oligotrophy coefficient by 22.5%, reduce the activity of humus mineralization by 68.7 % and increase the total biological activity by 5.65%. Doubling the dose of mineral fertilizers against the background of the organic fertilization system (the 4th year after the introduction of 60 t/ha of cattle litter manure) leads to an increase in the level of consumption of soil organic matter by 22.3%. It is consistent with the data of previous growing season: application of unbalanced doses of mineral fertilizers provokes the decomposition of soil organic matter. The value of the nitrogen mineralization coefficient and humus mineralization activity does not change as a result of applying a double dose of mineral fertilizers. But the total biological activity increases by 16.8%. Applying a double dose of mineral fertilizers reduces soil phytotoxicity by 17.6 %. Plowing of pea straw against the background of an organo-mineral fertilization system intensifies the development of organic matter of gray forest soil by 13.4%, reduces the intensity of mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 14.3%, reduces the activity of humus mineralization by 10.7%, does not affect the phytotoxicity of gray forest soil. The application of organic fertilizers leads to the intensification of mineralization processes (compared to the mineral fertilization system (N50Р30К50) soil organic matter by 23.7 %, nitrogen compounds by 18.2%; slowing down of humus mineralization processes by 31.3%, increasing the deficit of easily digestible nutrients by 22.5%, an increase of total biological activity by 8.24%, a decrease of phytotoxicity by 13.3%. Conclusions. The application of organic fertilizers in the form of cattle manure optimizes soil-forming processes, prevents the mineralization of humus, which is the main factor of potential soil fertility, and creates conditions for improving the mineral nutrition of plants, which is the basis of increasing the level of effective soil fertility.