20世纪上半叶乌克兰西部战争散文中民族形象的剪影

N. Boiko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文考察了“自己-他者-异己”的概念是如何在乌克兰西部描述第一次世界大战事件的散文中表现出来的,并特别关注了马尔科·切列姆希纳、瓦西里·斯蒂凡克和季莫泰·博尔杜利亚克的作品。选择作者和文本的目的是为了彻底分析平民如何而不是军事人员如何看待战争的恐怖。与“他者”或“异己”的相遇总是对由不同的世界观和文化传统所决定的个人身份的挑战。西方乌克兰的作者没有夸大对立和冲突,但注意到,上述三位一体的组成部分之间的反对加深。外星人被描绘成一个不断危险的来源。异化主要是跨文化差异造成的误解和挑战,无法消除或至少减轻。本文强调了理解他者、区分自己和他者、在他者中认识自己的过程。战争带来的痛苦会极大地改变人们的行为,尤其是在生死抉择的时候。战争引起了道德和伦理价值尺度的变化:因此,昨天的原生世界也可能成为他者甚至异己的空间,在其中找到自己的空间可能越来越困难。正如马尔科·切列姆希纳、瓦西里·斯蒂凡克和季莫泰·博杜利亚克所表明的那样,从一个人的家乡异化的过程既可以基于生存的欲望,也可以基于古老而深刻的个人不满。作家们避免将自我形象理想化,认识到降低道德尺度会导致异化,并对自我构成威胁。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
SILHOUETTES OF ETHNIC IMAGES IN WESTERN UKRAINIAN WAR PROSE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY
The paper examines how the concept of Own-Other-Alien is represented in Western Ukrainian prose depicting the events of the First World War, with a particular focus on the works by Marko Cheremshyna, Vasyl Stefanyk and Tymotei Borduliak. The selection of authors and texts is determined by the objective of conducting a thorough analysis of how civilians, rather than military personnel, perceive the horrors of war. An encounter with the Other or the Alien is always a challenge to one’s identity determined by different worldviews and cultural traditions. Western Ukrainian authors do not exaggerate antagonisms and conflicts but note that the opposition among the components of the mentioned triad deepens. The Alien is portrayed as a source of constant danger. Alienation is primarily intercultural differences causing misunderstandings and challenges that cannot be eliminated or at least mitigated. The paper highlights processes of apprehending the Other, differentiating One’s Own and the Other, and recognizing One’s Own in the Other. The miseries of war can dramatically change people's behavior, especially when it comes to choosing between life and death. The war causes a change in the moral and ethical scale of values: as a result, the world that was native yesterday may also become the space of the Other or even the Alien, and it may be increasingly difficult to find One’s Own in it. As shown by Marko Cheremshyna, Vasyl Stefanyk and Tymotei Borduliak, the process of alienation from one’s native can be based either on the desire to survive, or on old and deep personal grievances. The writers avoid idealization of self-images, recognizing that lowering the moral scale can lead to alienation and pose a threat to the Own.
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