Can Rehabilitation Last?

This chapter discusses the conditions that may lead to the recidivism of violent extremists and examine them from the conceptual perspective represented in the 3N model of radicalization. It specifically considers macro-, mezzo-, and micro-level factors assumed to bear on the recidivism of deradicalized extremists. The macro-level factors include state failure, population demographics, and economic conditions; the mezzo-level factors include the interrelated phenomena of community resistance (to the reintegration of deradicalized extremists), the social stigmatization that befalls them, and the social vacuum in which these individuals may find themselves upon their release into society; and the micro-level factors relate to vocational education, age, wear and tear, and aftercare (monitoring and follow-up).