长期运行后钢轨表面结构和性能退化的物理性质

V. Gromov, A. Yuriev, O. Peregudov, S. Konovalov, Y. Ivanov, A. Glezer, A. Semin
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引用次数: 4

摘要

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电子衍射显微镜以及显微硬度和摩擦学参数的测量,研究了钢轨长期运行后(毛重超过500吨和1000万吨)表面结构相态、缺陷子结构的变化规律。吨)建立。结果表明,在毛重超过5亿和10亿吨位后,磨损率分别提高了3倍和3.4倍。摩擦系数减小1.4倍和1.1倍。经过5亿吨后,渗碳体板完全破坏,形成10 ~ 50nm左右形状的渗碳体颗粒。通过吨位10亿吨后,出现了动态再结晶初始阶段。结果表明:钢轨在运行过程中,表层珠光体颗粒呈片层状断裂,并形成铁素体-碳化物混合纳米颗粒。钢的变形增加了标量位错和过量位错的密度、晶格的曲率-扭转值以及内部应力场的幅值。讨论了建立规律的可能机制。值得注意的是,在铁路长期运行期间,可能发生两种竞争过程:1。渗碳体颗粒被切割后进入铁素体颗粒或板(珠光体结构)的过程。2. 切削过程,随后渗碳体颗粒的溶解,碳原子向位错过渡(进入Cottrell气氛),碳原子通过位错过渡到铁素体颗粒或板的体积,然后重复形成纳米渗碳体颗粒。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Physical Nature of Structure and Properties Degradation of Rail Surface after Long Term Operation
By methods of optical, scanning and transmission electron diffraction microscopy and microhardness and tribology parameters measurement the changes regularities of structure-phase states, defect substructure of rails surface after the long term operation (passed tonnage of gross weight 500 and 1000 mln. tons) were established. It is shown that the wear rate increases in 3 and 3.4 times after passed tonnage of gross weight 500 and 1000 mln. tons, accordingly, and the friction coefficient decreases in 1.4 and 1.1 times. The cementite plates are destroying absolutely and cementite particles of around form with the sizes 10-50 nm are forming after passed tonnage 500 mln tons. The appearance of dynamical recrystallization initial stages is marked after the passed tonnage 1000 mln tons. It is shown that the operation of steel rails is accompanied by full fractures in surface layers with lamellar pearlite grains and the formation of ferrite–carbide mixtures with nanosized particles. The deformation of steel increases the densities of scalar and excess dislocations, the curvature–torsion values of the crystal lattice, and the amplitudes of internal stress fields. The possible mechanisms of established regularities are discussed. It is noted that two competitive processes can take place during rails long term operation: 1. Process of cutting of cementite particles followed by their carrying out into the volume of ferrite grains or plates (in the structure of pearlite). 2. Process of cutting, the subsequent dissolution of cementite particles, transition of carbon atoms to dislocations (into Cottrell atmospheres), transition of carbon atoms by dislocations into volume of ferrite grains or plates followed by repeat formation of nanosize cementite particles.
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