Beyond Immersion: Designing for Reflection in Virtual Reality

Access to immersive virtual reality (VR) technology is increasingly becoming available to the general population. However, the ability of VR to incite a state of high immersion and flow creates a paradox where immersion limits opportunities for self-awareness and critical reflection. In this work, we address this paradox and scaffold opportunities for reflection in VR by drawing upon practices from the theatre. We conduct a scoping review of 12 research papers designed to support reflection and discuss our findings regarding a proposed conceptual model. Based on these findings and practices from the Brechtian theatre, we propose a “RIOR” conceptual model (Readiness for reflection, Immersive estrangement, Observation and re-examination, Repatterning of knowledge) to create opportunities in VR for reflection. This model contributes a unified lens on how to design immersive technology for reflection and may create positive impacts in fields of mental health, wellbeing, self-care, education, and professional and personal development.