Administrative Agencies as Creators of Administrative Law Norms: Evidence from the U.K., France and Sweden

This paper highlights the role of administrative agencies in developing norms of administrative law. Administrative agencies are not just recipients of legal norms; they are important, sophisticated actors that can and do create norms later accepted and adopted by other actors. This can be seen in a variety of contexts. This article focuses on one in particular: the development of norms of transparency and consultation by the agencies regulating telecommunications and electricity in England, France and Sweden.