Non-invasive real time monitoring of cellular modifications with microwave dielectric spectroscopy at the single cell level

Microwave dielectric spectroscopy constitutes an attractive sensing technique for cellular analysis. One key feature is its ability to non-invasively and dielectrically monitor cellular modifications at the single cell level. The proposed microwave sensor dedicated to single cell measurement includes a mechanical trap, which permits to apply on individual cells whatever liquid-based environment. The dielectric consequences on the cell due to the application of saponine at 0.02% is recorded every two minutes, demonstrating the possibility to reach dielectric transformation kinetic of cells. This proof of concept opens the door to the non-invasive and nondestructive evaluation of biological reactions at the cellular level.