A Compact Wideband Solar-Cell Integrated Antenna

This paper describes a wideband and ultra-low profile solar-cell integrated antenna with a high form factor. An indium gallium selenide-based solar cell is utilized to make the built-in solar-cell antenna, which is designed to operate from the solar cell using a slot that is carved into it. The proposed design has an ultra-low profile structure of 0.0056 $\lambda_{0}$ at 2.96 GHz with overall dimensions of 50 mm $\times$ 27 mm $\times$ 0.571 mm (0.49$\lambda_{0}\times$ 0.26$\lambda_{0}\times 0.0056\lambda_{0}$ at 2.96 GHz). Moreover, the presented design has a-10dB impedance bandwidth of 43.24%, a maximum gain of 2.45 dBi, a form factor of 99.33%, and optical transparency of 100%.