Metamorphoses of morality as “answers” to the “challenges” of history

The paper is based on A. Toynbee’s methodology and analyzes the metamorphoses of morality as answers to the challenges of history. The historical period of the emergence of morality is subjected to reflection, when the development of normativity in behavior became a condition for the survival of primitive society. Consideration of the evolution of the morality of Antiquity made it possible to discover the social conditioning of moral ideas.Based on the conclusion of N.S. Rozov about the existence of certain conditions that precede any cultural phenomena, the metamorphoses of the morality of the Renaissance were studied.It was found that the Toynbean concept of “esterification” should be used to reflect the evolution of historical challenges, in particular, the situation faced by modern society, when globalization processes led to new metamorphoses of morality.