瑞士的人口和森林的比例。社会文化监测全国性调查结果

WSL Berichte Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI:10.55419/wsl:29973
Tessa Hegetschweiler, Boris Salak, A. Wunderlich, N. Bauer, M. Hunziker
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引用次数: 3

摘要

瑞士人口与森林的关系自1978年以来一直在调查中进行调查,并于1997年首次作为所谓的“社会文化森林监测”或“森林监测社会文化”WaMos的一部分进行调查。本报告描述了2020年全国Wa- Mos3调查的结果。调查采用了市场研究机构LINK的在线面板。除了对成年人进行有代表性的调查外,还对156名青少年进行了抽样访问。自WaMos2(2010)以来,关于森林主题的自我评估信息水平有所下降,老年人比年轻人更了解情况。年轻人对瑞士森林面积增加和为防止自然灾害而管理山林的知识水平也低于老年人。今天,人们认为森林对社会的大多数功能比WaMos2更重要。特别是生态功能、生产功能和游憩功能日益受到重视。与WaMos2(2010年)相比,更多的人认为森林健康已经恶化。气候变化引起的变化,如干旱破坏,被人们所感知。大多数人口赞成积极的森林管理以适应气候。关于森林的生态功能,大多数人都知道生物多样性已经减少了。因此,森林保护区的接受度很高,大型食肉动物的接受度也很高。气候变化、定居点扩张、引进的动植物物种和害虫被视为对森林的最大威胁。人们十分重视森林的保护作用。然而,关于山林经营与保护功能之间的相互关系的认识正在减少。原则上,人们对最常去的森林的管理是满意的。为了伐木而砍伐树木和关闭道路的做法被人们所接受。伐木后将树枝留在地上是有争议的,要么被接受,要么根本不被接受。在购买木材产品时,可持续性标准变得越来越重要。在森林偏好方面,人口最喜欢混交林。灌木层的存在比WaMos2(2010)更受欢迎,对枯木的喜爱程度也在低水平上增加。然而,娱乐基础设施的价值越来越低。森林照片也首次提供给受访者进行评估。结果表明,现有的森林偏好、参观森林的动机、森林在儿童时期的重要性以及语言区域对森林的视觉吸引力有影响。森林特征如能见度范围、灌木层盖度和浆果灌木盖度、林分发育阶段、林分结构和枯木有无等也有影响。为了获得人们访问的森林的图片,他们被要求在使用PPGIS的地图上标记他们最常访问的森林。当地娱乐占主导地位;在瑞士人口最密集的地方发现了密度最大的点云。像往常一样,大多数人经常去森林。人们最常提到的游览森林的动机是“体验自然”、“呼吸新鲜空气”和“逃离日常生活”。青少年很少去森林。他们在森林里的活动主要是烧烤/篝火/聚会,慢跑和一般的运动。与2010年相比,游客对森林旅游的满意度大幅下降。森林的吸引力被评为较低,森林的访问被认为是较少的恢复,并认为干扰正在增加。总而言之,瑞士人高度重视森林,认为它是一个休闲区,但也特别重视它是动植物的栖息地。在过去的10年里,生态意识似乎再次抬头,随之而来的是对森林状况和生物多样性的关注。另一方面,人们对森林娱乐的满意程度有所下降。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Das Verhältnis der Schweizer Bevölkerung zum Wald. Waldmonitoring soziokulturell WaMos3. Ergebnisse der nationalen Umfrage
The relationship of the Swiss population to the forest has been investigated in surveys since 1978, and in 1997 for the first time as part of the so-called “Sociocultural forest monitoring” or “Waldmonitoring soziokulturell” WaMos. This report describes the results of the national Wa- Mos3 survey 2020. The online panel of the market research institute LINK was used for the sur- vey. In addition to the representative survey of the adult population, a sample of 156 adolescents was also interviewed. The self-assessed level of information on forest topics has declined since WaMos2 (2010), with older people feeling better informed than younger people. The level of knowledge regarding the increase in forest area in Switzerland and the management of mountain forests for protection against natural hazards is also lower among younger people than among older ones. Today, the population attributes greater importance to most forest functions for society than in WaMos2. In particular, the ecological function, the production function and the recreational function have gained importance. More people than in WaMos2 (2010) assume that forest health has deteriorated. Changes due to climate change, such as drought damage, are perceived by the population. The majority of the population is in favour of active forest management for climate adaptation. With regard to the ecological function of the forest, most people know that biodiversity has decreased. Accor- dingly, the acceptance of forest reserves is high, as is that of large carnivores. Climate change, the expansion of settlements, introduced animal and plant species and pests are seen as the greatest threats to the forest. Great importance is attached to the protective function of the forest. Nevertheless, knowledge about the interrelation between the management and the pro- tective function of mountain forests is declining. In principle, the population is satisfied with the management of the most frequently visited forest. The felling of trees and closing of roads for logging are well accepted by the population. Leaving branches lying on the ground after logging is controversial, and is either well accepted or not accepted at all. Sustainability criteria have gained in importance when purchasing timber products. In terms of forest preferences, the population likes mixed forests best. The presence of a shrub layer is better liked than in WaMos2 (2010) and the liking of deadwood is also increasing at a low level. However, recreational infrastructure is valued less and less. For the first time, forest photos were also presented to the respondents for assessment. It turns out that already existing forest preferences, motives for visiting the forest, the importance of the forest in childhood and the language region have an influence on visual attractiveness of forest. Forest characteristics such as visibility range, shrub layer cover and cover of berry bushes, stage of stand development, stand structure and the presence of deadwood also have an influence. In order to get a picture of which forests people visit, they were asked to mark the forest they visit most often on a map using PPGIS. Local recreation dominates; the densest cloud of points is found where Switzerland is most densely populated. As always, most people go to the forest frequently. The most frequently cited motives for visiting the forest are “experiencing nature”, “enjoying fresh air” and “escaping from everyday life”. Adolescents go to the forest less often. Their activities in the forest are dominated by barbecues/bonfires/parties, jogging and sports in general. Satisfaction with forest visits has decreased at a high level compared to 2010. Forest attractiveness is rated lower, the visit to the forest is perceived as less restorative and the per- ceived disturbances are increasing. In sum, the Swiss population highly values the forest, as a recreational area, but also in particu- lar as a habitat for plants and animals. Ecological awareness seems to have risen again in the last 10 years, and with it concerns about the state of the forest and biodiversity. On the other hand, satisfaction with forest recreation – at a high level – has somewhat declined.
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