Pediatrics: Pyloric Stenosis

In this chapter the essential aspects of anesthesia for pyloric stenosis in the pediatric patient are discussed. Subtopics include determining electrolyte abnormalities in these patients, airway management, fluid management, and coexisting diseases. The chapter is divided into preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative sections with important subtopics related to the main topic in each section. Preoperative topics discussed include malignant hyperthermia, pyloric stenosis and associated projectile vomiting, olive sign, hypokalemia, and assessment of fluid volume intake. Issues discussed related to intraoperative management include monitoring, rapid sequence induction, the pediatric airway, and bronchospasm. Under postoperative management, complications related to croup and to postoperative apnea and hypoglycemia are addressed.