当前俄罗斯侵略乌克兰背景下福音派教义中的战争话语(新教观点)

Pavlo Pavlenko
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摘要

与基督教的起源、教义的形成及其在大公会议前早期的存在有关的一系列问题,不仅是基督教学者,不仅是那些以这种或那种方式参与这些研究的学者,而且是整个社会所关注的。然而,在乌克兰,特别是在学术界,这些问题仍然没有得到充分的研究。这篇文章探讨了导致官方教会改变基督教教义关键条款的原因,包括关于“这个世界”的意识形态立场,关于战争的叙述,以及“不可杀人”和“爱你的敌人”的诫命。作者认为,最初的福音和平主义最终被拒绝发生在君士坦丁大帝征服基督教之后,当时教会被转变为世俗权力机构,将其最初的“上帝的王国”地位转变为属于“凯撒的王国”。自君士坦丁统治以来,基督教基本上分为两个阵营。-第一类,属于所有信奉新“大公”和不同于原来形式的教会教义的人,特别是那些拒绝接受耶稣最初放弃世俗事物的想法,因此拒绝接受他所宣布的和平主义和反军国主义的人;第二阵营是那些仍然忠于使徒传统的人,他们继续按照最初的新约标准实践基督教。后一个阵营今天主要包括新教徒,包括在乌克兰。然而,随着俄罗斯对乌克兰的全面侵略,他们的和平主义立场正在发生变化。紧迫的社会政治问题和与国防直接有关的问题的解决正日益导致乌克兰的新教徒重新考虑其传统的和平主义,这可能导致将来完全拒绝和平主义。在研究过程中获得的结果为大幅度调整目前对乌克兰新教的看法提供了依据,特别是它对社会政治进程的积极态度和积极参与这些进程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The discourse of war in the evangelical doctrine in the context of current russian aggression against Ukraine (protestant viewpoint)
The range of issues related to the origins of Christianity, the formation of its doctrine, and its existence in the early, pre-Conciliar period has always been of concern not only to Christian scholars, not only to those scholars who were in one or another way involved in these researches, but also to society as a whole. However, in Ukraine, and especially in academic circles, these issues are still not sufficiently studied. The article examines the reasons that led the official Church to change the key provisions of Christian doctrine, including ideological positions about "this world," narratives about war, and the commandments "thou shalt not kill" and "love your enemies." The author argues that the final rejection of the original evangelical pacifism occurred after the conquest of Christianity by Emperor Constantine the Great, when the Church was transformed into an institution of secular power, changing its original status as the "Kingdom of God" to belonging to the "Kingdom of Caesar." Since the reign of Constantine, Christianity has essentially existed divided into two camps. – the first, to which belong all those who profess the church doctrine in its new, "conciliar" and different from the original form and who, in particular, has rejected Jesus' original idea of renunciation of earthly things and, accordingly, the pacifism and anti-militarism he proclaimed; the second camp are those who remained faithful to the apostolic tradition and who continued to practice Christianity according to the original New Testament standard. The latter camp today includes mostly Protestants, including in Ukraine. However, with the onset of Russia's full-scale aggression against Ukraine, their pacifist stance is changing. The solution of urgent socio-political issues and issues directly related to defense are increasingly leading Protestants in Ukraine to rethink their traditional pacifism, which may lead to a complete rejection of it in the future. The results obtained in the course of the study provide grounds to significantly adjust the current perceptions of Protestantism in Ukraine, in particular, its positive attitude to socio-political processes and active involvement in them.
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