全球塑料污染和非正式拾荒者

J. Gutberlet
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摘要

越来越多的人认识到,塑料污染是规模和复杂性空前的严重环境和人类健康威胁。虽然塑料生产和消费的趋势仍在上升,但未收集、管理不善、倾倒或焚烧的塑料废物的负面影响正在对环境、海洋、气候和食物链造成深远影响,危及人类和其他生物的生活质量,预计在不久的将来会产生累积的负面影响。在过去30年中,塑料消费品的新市场迅速出现,而废物管理总体上仍然不稳定,资金不足或根本不存在,特别是全球南方的人口,直接经历了塑料污染的负担。新出现的环境问题在这些地区尤其明显,因此也有可能的解决办法和替代办法。在全球发展中国家,大约有2000万非正规工人已经从垃圾中回收塑料废物,他们通常在不稳定、危险和低薪的条件下工作。文献声称,如果他们得到认可、整合和重视,并且在体面的工作条件和公平的报酬下,他们代表的劳动力可能会显著增加塑料废物的捕获,并减少塑料流散的数量。本文从人为全球环境变化理论的角度讨论了塑料废物和全球塑料污染管理的主要挑战,揭示了塑料分散和泄漏到土壤、水和空气中的主要原因、影响,并认识到塑料废物的关系和地理观点。需要作出协调一致的努力来协调政策和技术解决办法,以便加强、资助和承认废物收集者部门是解决这一废物问题的关键主角。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Global Plastic Pollution and Informal Waste Pickers
Increasingly plastic pollution is being recognized as a critical environmental and human health threat of unprecedented scale and complexity. While trends in plastic production and consumption are still on the rise, the negative effects of uncollected, mismanaged, dumped or incinerated plastic waste are causing profound impacts on the environment, oceans, climate and food chains compromising the quality of life for humans and other living beings, with expected cumulative negative effects for the near future. Particularly populations in the Global South, where new markets for plastic consumer goods have rapidly emerged over the past 30 years, while waste management, in general, has remained precarious, underfunded or inexistent, directly experience the burdens of plastic pollution. The emerging environmental problems are particularly visible in these regions and so are also possible solutions and alternatives. Approximately 20million informal workers already recover plastic waste from the garbage in the Global South, usually working under precarious, risky and poorly paid conditions. The literature claims that they represent aworkforce that ifrecognized, integrated and valuedand under decent work conditions and fair remuneration could potentially increase significantly the capturing of plastic waste and reduce the amount of fugitive plastics. This review paper applies an anthropogenic global environmental change theory lens to discuss the key challenges in managing plastic waste and global plastic pollution, uncovering major causes, impacts from dispersion and leakage of plastics into soil, water and air, recognizing the relational and geographic perspectives of plastic waste. A concerted effort is required to coordinating policies and technological solutions in order to strengthening, fund and recognize the waste picker sector as a key protagonist in addressing this waste issue.
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