{"title":"泌乳次数、产犊年份和季节对奶牛产奶量的影响","authors":"O. Kramarenko, S. Kramarenko","doi":"10.56407/313-092x/2022-26(2)-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The main characteristics of the milk productivity of Holstein dairy cattle differ in different countries due to differences in terrain, management and breeding objectives. At the same time, the manifestation of non-genetic (that is, environmental) factors during milk production, as a rule, mask the real breeding value of animals. The main goal of this study was to analyze the influence of lactation number, year and season of calving on the milk productivity of 238 Holstein cows during a 4-year period (2014-2017). The study was conducted using primary data on the dairy productivity of livestock in the conditions of PJSC Plemzavod Stepnoi of the Kamian-Dnipro district of the Zaporizhia region.The following characteristics were evaluated for each animal: duration of lactation, hope for 305 days of lactation, hope for the entire lactation, fat content and protein content in milk. P. Wood's model was used to approximate lactation curves within each subgroup. All signs of milk productivity were analyzed based on the algorithm of one- or two-factor analysis of variance with fixed factors using the statistical package STATISTICA v. 6.0 (Statsoft Inc.).Lactation number was found to have a significant effect on all milk yield traits that were examined (in all cases: p<0.001). Hope for 305 days of lactation increased with the growth of lactation number. The highest values of this characteristic were noted during the 2nd and 3rd lactations. The lowest estimate of milk yield for 305 days of lactation of dairy cows of this farm was obtained in 2014, and the highest in 2016. The calving season probably influenced the indicators of milk productivity (primarily, the content of fat and protein in milk) of firstborns. In addition, the milk yield score at 305 days of lactation was lower among winter- or spring-calved gilts compared to fall-calved animals. No influence of the calving season was noted among adult cows. Lactation number and year of calving probably influenced the estimates of the coefficients and parameters of P. Wood's model. The shape of the lactation curves of firstborns was flatter compared to mature cows. Estimates of peak milk yield were lower, but the index of constancy of the lactation curve was higher during the 1st lactation. Thus, we found that obtaining real (unbiased) estimates of milk productivity traits of Holstein cattle requires preliminary adjustment of data regarding the influence of lactation number, year and season of calving","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Influence of Lactation Number, Year and Season of Calving on Milk Productivity of Cows\",\"authors\":\"O. Kramarenko, S. Kramarenko\",\"doi\":\"10.56407/313-092x/2022-26(2)-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The main characteristics of the milk productivity of Holstein dairy cattle differ in different countries due to differences in terrain, management and breeding objectives. At the same time, the manifestation of non-genetic (that is, environmental) factors during milk production, as a rule, mask the real breeding value of animals. The main goal of this study was to analyze the influence of lactation number, year and season of calving on the milk productivity of 238 Holstein cows during a 4-year period (2014-2017). The study was conducted using primary data on the dairy productivity of livestock in the conditions of PJSC Plemzavod Stepnoi of the Kamian-Dnipro district of the Zaporizhia region.The following characteristics were evaluated for each animal: duration of lactation, hope for 305 days of lactation, hope for the entire lactation, fat content and protein content in milk. P. Wood's model was used to approximate lactation curves within each subgroup. All signs of milk productivity were analyzed based on the algorithm of one- or two-factor analysis of variance with fixed factors using the statistical package STATISTICA v. 6.0 (Statsoft Inc.).Lactation number was found to have a significant effect on all milk yield traits that were examined (in all cases: p<0.001). Hope for 305 days of lactation increased with the growth of lactation number. The highest values of this characteristic were noted during the 2nd and 3rd lactations. The lowest estimate of milk yield for 305 days of lactation of dairy cows of this farm was obtained in 2014, and the highest in 2016. The calving season probably influenced the indicators of milk productivity (primarily, the content of fat and protein in milk) of firstborns. In addition, the milk yield score at 305 days of lactation was lower among winter- or spring-calved gilts compared to fall-calved animals. No influence of the calving season was noted among adult cows. Lactation number and year of calving probably influenced the estimates of the coefficients and parameters of P. Wood's model. The shape of the lactation curves of firstborns was flatter compared to mature cows. Estimates of peak milk yield were lower, but the index of constancy of the lactation curve was higher during the 1st lactation. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
由于不同国家的地形、管理和养殖目标的不同,荷斯坦奶牛产奶量的主要特征有所不同。同时,非遗传(即环境)因素在产奶过程中的表现,往往掩盖了动物的真正育种价值。本研究的主要目的是分析2014-2017年4年间(2014-2017年)238头荷斯坦奶牛泌乳次数、产犊年份和季节对产奶量的影响。该研究利用了扎波罗热州Kamian-Dnipro地区PJSC Plemzavod Stepnoi条件下牲畜的乳制品生产力的原始数据。评估每只动物的以下特征:泌乳持续时间、305天希望泌乳时间、整个泌乳时间、乳中脂肪含量和蛋白质含量。P. Wood模型用于近似各亚组内的泌乳曲线。使用统计软件包STATISTICA v. 6.0 (Statsoft Inc.),基于固定因素的单因素或双因素方差分析算法分析产奶量的所有迹象。发现泌乳次数对所检查的所有产奶量性状有显著影响(在所有情况下:p<0.001)。305天的泌乳希望随着泌乳次数的增加而增加。这一特征的最高值出现在泌乳第2和第3期。该农场奶牛305天泌乳产奶量估计值最低的年份为2014年,最高的年份为2016年。产犊季节可能会影响头胎的产奶量指标(主要是牛奶中的脂肪和蛋白质含量)。此外,与秋季犊牛相比,冬季或春季犊牛的产奶量评分在哺乳305天时较低。在成年奶牛中没有发现产犊季节的影响。泌乳次数和产犊年份可能影响P. Wood模型的系数和参数的估计。头胎奶牛的泌乳曲线形状较成熟奶牛平坦。在第一次泌乳期间,泌乳曲线的稳定性指数较高,但峰值产奶量的估计值较低。因此,我们发现要获得荷斯坦牛产奶量性状的真实(无偏)估计,需要对有关泌乳次数、产犊年份和季节影响的数据进行初步调整
Influence of Lactation Number, Year and Season of Calving on Milk Productivity of Cows
The main characteristics of the milk productivity of Holstein dairy cattle differ in different countries due to differences in terrain, management and breeding objectives. At the same time, the manifestation of non-genetic (that is, environmental) factors during milk production, as a rule, mask the real breeding value of animals. The main goal of this study was to analyze the influence of lactation number, year and season of calving on the milk productivity of 238 Holstein cows during a 4-year period (2014-2017). The study was conducted using primary data on the dairy productivity of livestock in the conditions of PJSC Plemzavod Stepnoi of the Kamian-Dnipro district of the Zaporizhia region.The following characteristics were evaluated for each animal: duration of lactation, hope for 305 days of lactation, hope for the entire lactation, fat content and protein content in milk. P. Wood's model was used to approximate lactation curves within each subgroup. All signs of milk productivity were analyzed based on the algorithm of one- or two-factor analysis of variance with fixed factors using the statistical package STATISTICA v. 6.0 (Statsoft Inc.).Lactation number was found to have a significant effect on all milk yield traits that were examined (in all cases: p<0.001). Hope for 305 days of lactation increased with the growth of lactation number. The highest values of this characteristic were noted during the 2nd and 3rd lactations. The lowest estimate of milk yield for 305 days of lactation of dairy cows of this farm was obtained in 2014, and the highest in 2016. The calving season probably influenced the indicators of milk productivity (primarily, the content of fat and protein in milk) of firstborns. In addition, the milk yield score at 305 days of lactation was lower among winter- or spring-calved gilts compared to fall-calved animals. No influence of the calving season was noted among adult cows. Lactation number and year of calving probably influenced the estimates of the coefficients and parameters of P. Wood's model. The shape of the lactation curves of firstborns was flatter compared to mature cows. Estimates of peak milk yield were lower, but the index of constancy of the lactation curve was higher during the 1st lactation. Thus, we found that obtaining real (unbiased) estimates of milk productivity traits of Holstein cattle requires preliminary adjustment of data regarding the influence of lactation number, year and season of calving