比例公平匝道计量的研究

R. Gibbens, F. Kelly
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引用次数: 8

摘要

匝道计量是解决高速公路拥堵问题的重要手段之一。当需求超过可用资源时,就会出现拥堵,并且在高峰时段会大大降低高速公路网络的容量。运力减少导致额外的延误,增加环境污染,并阻碍乘客安全。据观察,拥堵会导致低但高度不稳定的速度,从而导致更多不确定的行程时间(称为流量崩溃或走走停停行为)。匝道计量的目的是控制新流量的进入,以保持高速公路上的稳定流量,并避免因拥堵而导致的容量损失。流量的进入率是根据特定的匝道计量策略设置的。这些策略一直是交通文献中备受关注的主题。其中一个关键问题是效率与资源合理利用之间的权衡。这是在通信网络建模和控制中广泛考虑的一种权衡。本文补充了最近关于匝道计量策略的工作,比例公平计量,灵感来自为互联网开发的速率控制机制。具体来说,我们使用仿真结果来比较比例公平计量与贪婪策略的线性网络,具有一系列入口点,导致所有交通的单一共同目的地,例如通往市中心的径向路线。在我们的建模假设下,贪婪策略对于外源性确定的交通到达流是可证明的最优策略,但在某种精确意义上,它在不同入口点之间是不公平的,并且如果它影响交通需求,很可能会产生反常和次优后果。我们进一步考虑一个具有平行道路的网络,其中车流可能根据各个入口点的排队水平有路线选择。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
An investigation of proportionally fair ramp metering
This paper concerns ramp metering which is one important approach to dealing with congestion on motorways. Congestion occurs when demand exceeds available resources and can significantly reduce the capacity of the motorway network at peak times. Reduced capacity results in additional delays, increased environmental pollution and hinders passenger safety. Congestion is observed to cause low but highly volatile speeds resulting in more uncertain journey times (referred to as flow breakdown or stop-and-go behaviour). Ramp metering is intended to control the entry of new flow in such a way as to maintain steady flow on the motorway and to avoid the loss of capacity associated with congestion. The rate of entry of flow is set according to the particular ramp metering strategy. Such strategies have been the subject of much attention in the transport literature. One of the key issues is the trade-off between efficiency and fair use of resources. This is a trade-off that has been considered extensively in the modelling and control of communication networks. This paper adds to recent work on a ramp metering strategy, proportionally fair metering, inspired by rate control mechanisms developed for the Internet. Specifically, we use simulation results to compare proportionally fair metering with a greedy strategy for a linear network with a series of entry points leading towards a single common destination for all the traffic, such as a radial route towards a city centre. Under our modelling assumptions, the greedy strategy is provably optimal for exogenously determined arrival streams of traffic, but it is unfair, in a certain precise sense, between different entry points and may well have perverse and suboptimal consequences if it influences traffic demand. We further consider a network with parallel roads where flows of traffic may have route choice according to the levels of queueing at the individual entry points.
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